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plz explain saytzeff rule with some examples...

Saytzeff's Rule

Saytzeff Rule implies that base-induced eliminations (E2) will lead predominantly to the olefin in which the double bond is more highly substituted, i.e. that the product distribution will be controlled by thermodynamics.

The use of sterically hindered bases raises the activation energy barrier for the pathway to the product predicted by Saytzeff's Rule. Thus, a sterically hindered base will preferentially react with the least hindered protons, and the product distribution will be controlled by kinetics.

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In dehydrogenation reaction (removal of Hydrogen and Halogen atoms) from alkyl halide,

  • halogen atom is removed from alpha carbon (the carbon with with halogen is attached) and
  • hydrogen is removed from beta carbon (the carbon attached to the alpha carbon directly) which is itself attached with more no. of alkyl groups.
  • The product is alkene which has greater no. of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms.
  • This is saytzeff rule.

Hence, 2-Bromopentane gives Pent-2-ene as the major product.

The second carbon from right is alpha carbon while 1st and 3rd is beta carbon. 3rd carbon is attached with other ethyl group (C-4 ), so hydrogen is removed from this to get alkene according to above said rule.

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Mechanism and examples of anti markovnikoff rule
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