A ray of light form a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at angle of incidence i. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90 degrees with each other. The angle of reflection and refraction are r and r' resp. the critical angle is?

For the reflection,
i=r
The reflected and refracted rays make angle,
1800-(r+r')=900r+r'=900r'=900-r=900-i
So,
μsini=sin900-iμsini=cosiμ=1tani
Critical angle,
θc=sin-11μθc=sin-1tani

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