Does inductive effect occur only in the presence of carbon atoms in the bond?

Solution: 

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion.  This is typically due to an electronegativity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.  There are two types of inductive effect: +I and –I effect. Atoms or groups which pull electron density towards themselves are considered as exhibiting a negative Inductive effect (–I) and groups that push electron density away from themselves exhibit a positive Inductive effect (+I).

Yes, the inductive effect is the polarization of the sigma bond when an electronegative atom withdraws the electron pair of the sigma bond towards itself. Hence, sigma bonds are present in between two carbon atoms so an inductive effect occurs in the presence of a carbon atom and electronegative atom.

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