The type of hybridization indicates the geometry of a molecule. In water molecule, the oxygen atom is sp3hybridized. But water molecule has no tetrahedral geometry. Explain

Bonding pairs of electrons are those electrons that are shared by the central atom and/or to any atom to which it is bonded. Non-bonding pairs of electrons are those pairs of electrons on an individual atom that are not shared with any other atom. Groups is a more generic term. The term electron-pair geometry (or simply geometry) is the name of the geometry of the electron-pair/groups/domains on the central atom, whether they are bonding or non-bonding. Molecular geometry is the name of the geometry used to describe the shape of a molecule. The electron-pair geometry provides a guide to the bond angles of between a terminal-central-terminal atom in a compound whereas the molecular geometry gives the shape of the molecule. 
The geometry of H2O molecule is tetrahedral due to its sp3 hybridisation. but its shape is bent due to presence of a lone pair on oxygen. The non bonding electrons-bonding pair repulsion is more and that deviates the molecule from the geometry.

No of bonding groups on 'central' atom

No of lone pair electrons on 'central' atom


Electron-pair Geometry


Molecular Geometry/Shape


Bond
Angle

2

0

linear

linear

180

3

0

trigonal planar

trigonal planar

120

2

1

trigonal planar

bent

less than 120

4

0

tetrahedral

tetrahedral

109.5

3

1

tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal

less than 109.5

2

2

tetrahedral

bent

less than 109.5

5

0

trigonal bipyramidal

trigonal bipyramidal

90, 120 and 180

4

1

trigonal bipyramidal

seesaw

90, 120 and 180

3

2

trigonal bipyramidal

T-shaped

90 and 180

2

3

trigonal bipyramidal

linear

180

6

0

octahedral

octrahedral

90 and 180

5

1

octahedral

square pyramidal

90 and 180

4

2

octahedral

square planar

90 and 180


 

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