what is electrophilic substitution reaction andnucleophilic sub stitution reaction how to distinguish which one wil go which reaction
Dear student!
Nucleophilic substitution is the reaction of an electron pair donor i.e. the nucleophile (Nu) with an electron pair acceptor (the electrophile). An sp3-hybridized electrophile must have a leaving group (X) in order for the reaction to take place.
In electrophilic reactions(Substitution), the attacking species is an electrophile which is a positively charged or electron deficient species and gain electrons from the reactants.They attack on the negative part or the part where electron density is maximum.
While, in nucleophilic reactions(addition), the attacking species is a neucleophile which is nucleus or proton loving and bears either negative charge or lone pair of electrons so that they gain a proton from the reactants and they attack on the positive part of the reacting species.
The electrophilic substitution is favorable in aromatic compounds which have delocalized electrons while the nucleophilic addition takes place at alkanes which have good leaving groups.