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Board Paper of Class 12-Commerce 2013 Economics (SET 1) - Solutions

General Instructions:
(i) All questions in both the sections are compulsory.
(ii) Marks for questions are indicated against each.
(iii) Questions Nos. 1-5 and 17-21 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. They are required to be answered in one sentence each
(iv) Questions Nos. 6-10 and 22-26 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 60 words each.
(v) Questions Nos. 11-13 and 27-29 are also short-answer questions carrying 4 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 70 words each.
(vi) Questions Nos. 14-16 and 30-32 are long-answer questions carrying 6 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 100 words each.
(vii) Answers should be brief and to the point and the above word limits should be adhered to as far as possible.




  • Question 2

    What does a rightward shift of demand curve indicate? (1)

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 3

    Under which market form is a firm a price taker? (1)

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  • Question 4

    When is the demand for a good said to be perfectly inelastic? (1)

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  • Question 5

    Give one reason for an “increase” in supply of a commodity. (1)

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  • Question 6

    How is the demand for a good affected by a rise in the prices of other goods? Explain. (3)

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  • Question 7

    A firm supplies 10 units of a good at a price of Rs 5 per unit. Price elasticity of supply is 1.25. What quantity will the firm supply at a price of Rs 7 per unit? (3)

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  • Question 8

    Explain the meaning of diminishing marginal rate of substitution with the help of a numerical example. (3)

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  • Question 9

    From the following table, find out the level of output at which the producer will be in equilibrium. Give reasons for your answer. (3)

    Output

    (units)

    Marginal Revenue

    Rs

    Marginal Cost

    Rs

    1

    8

    10

    2

    8

    8

    3

    8

    7

    4

    8

    8

    5

    8

    9

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 10

    Why can a firm not earn abnormal profits under perfect competition in the long run? Explain. (3)

    OR

    Why is the demand curve of a firm under monopolistic competition more elastic than under monopoly? Explain.

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  • Question 11

    Equilibrium price of an essential medicine is too high. Explain what possible steps can be taken to bring down the equilibrium price but only through the market forces. Also explain the series of changes that will occur in the market. (4)

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  • Question 12

    Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule. (4)

    OR

    With the help of suitable example explain the problem of ‘for whom to produce’.

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  • Question 13

    A 5 percent fall in the price of a good raises its demand from 300 units to 318 units. Calculate its price elasticity of demand. (4)

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  • Question 14

    Explain three properties of indifference curves. (6)

    OR

    Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium under indifference curve approach.

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  • Question 15

    If equilibrium price of a good is greater than its market price, explain all the changes that will take place in the market. Use diagram. (6)

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  • Question 16

    Giving reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false: (6)

    (i) Average product will increase only when marginal product increases.

    (ii) With increase in level of output, average fixed cost goes on falling till it reaches zero.

    (iii) Under diminishing returns to a factor, total product continues to increase till marginal product reaches zero.

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 17

    Give two examples of intermediate goods. (1)

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  • Question 18

    State the components of supply of money. (1)

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  • Question 19

    What one step can be taken through market to reduce the consumption of a product harmful for health? (1)

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  • Question 20

    How can Reserve Bank of India help in bringing down the foreign exchange rate which is very high? (1)

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  • Question 22

    Explain the ‘medium of exchange’ function of money. (3)

    OR

    Explain the ‘lender of last resort’ function of central bank.

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  • Question 23

    Distinguish between revenue receipts and capital receipts. Give an example of each. (3)

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  • Question 24

    How can budgetary policy be used to reduce inequalities of income? (3)

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  • Question 25

    Explain the effect of depreciation of domestic currency on exports. (3)

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  • Question 26

    How is exchange rate determined in the foreign exchange market? Explain. (3)

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  • Question 27

    Calculate ‘Sales’ from the following data: (4)

    (Rs in lakhs)

    (i)

    Subsidies

    200

    (ii)

    Opening stock

    100

    (iii)

    Closing stock

    600

    (iv)

    Intermediate consumption

    3,000

    (v)

    Consumption of fixed capital

    700

    (vi)

    Profit

    750

    (vii)

    Net value added at factor cost

    2,000

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 28

    Distinguish between “real” gross domestic product and “nominal” gross domestic product. Which of these is a better index of welfare of the people and why? (4)

    OR

    Distinguish between stocks and flows. Give two examples of each.

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  • Question 29

    Explain the credit creation role of commercial banks with the help of a numerical example. (4)

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  • Question 30

    From the data given below about an economy, calculate (a) investment expenditure and (b) consumption expenditure. (6)

    (i)

    Equilibrium level of income

    5,000

    (ii)

    Autonomous consumption

    500

    (iii)

    Marginal propensity to consume

    0.4

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 31

    Explain the meaning of under-employment equilibrium. Explain two measures by which full-employment equilibrium can be reached. (6)

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  • Question 32

    Calculate “Gross National Product at Market Price” from the following data: 6

    S.No.

    Particulars

    (Rs in crores)

    (i)

    Compensation of employees

    2,000

    (ii)

    Interest

    500

    (iii)

    Rent

    700

    (iv)

    Profits

    800

    (v)

    Employer’s contribution to social security schemes

    200

    (vi)

    Dividends

    300

    (vii)

    Consumption of fixed capital

    100

    (viii)

    Net indirect taxes

    250

    (ix)

    Net exports

    70

    (x)

    Net factor income to abroad

    150

    (xi)

    Mixed income of self-employed

    1,500

    OR

    Calculate “Gross National Disposable Income” from the following data:

    S.No.

    Particulars

    (Rs in crores)

    (i)

    Net domestic product at factor cost

    3,000

    (ii)

    Indirect taxes

    300

    (iii)

    Net current transfers from rest of the world

    250

    (iv)

    Current transfers from the government

    100

    (v)

    Net factor income to abroad

    150

    (vi)

    Consumption of fixed capital

    200

    (vii)

    Subsidies

    100

    VIEW SOLUTION
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