Thermal Properties Of Matter

• Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a body.
• Heat is the form of energy transfer from one body to another due to their temperature difference.
• Thermometers are used for measuring temperature.
• Ice point and steam point are used as lower and upper fixed points for measurement.
• Conversion of temperature from one scale to another:

                 

• Boyle’s law and Charles’ law are combined into a single relationship,

                          = constant         (Ideal gas law)

• General form which can be applied to any quantity of gas:

                          [Ideal gas equation]

                     k − Universal gas constant (8.31 J mol⁻¹K⁻¹)

• Absolute Temperature

                   

• The absolute minimum temperature of ideal gas is inferred by extrapolating the straight line to the axis. The temperature is −273.15°C, which is called absolute zero.
• Absolute zero is the foundation of the Kelvin temperat…